One you're done kneading your dough, return the dough to the bowl and cover it with a damp dish towel to rise.  In a modern home, you can just let the bread sit on the counter, but if you're a more serious homesteader who heats with wood and doesn't maintain an even temperature inside during the winter, you'll want to find a warm spot for your dough to rise.  Many wood cook stoves have a warming oven just high enough above the fire to keep the dough warm without cooking it.  In a pinch, you can turn your electric or gas oven to "warm" and put your bread inside --- depending on the model, you may also need to crack the door open to keep the dough from getting too hot.  No matter how you do it, your bread should have risen to the point where it has achieved twice its original size ("doubled in bulk") after about an hour.

After it has risen, punch down your dough, shape it, and let it rise again.  If you want to save some of the dough for later, put it in a plastic bag after the first rise and stick it in the freezer.  Otherwise, shape the dough however you want --- into rolls, buns, or loaves.  You can even form long strands of dough to make braided loaves, or can add cheese or herbs to make spiced buns.

If you're a raw beginner, I recommend keeping it simple and making buns.  It can be difficult to know when your bread is fully baked in a loaf pan, but dough in the shape of a hamburger bun cooks perfectly in very little time.  Simple tear off a hunk of dough about half the size of your fist and flatten it, placing each bun on a greased cookie sheet.  If you want to get fancy, you can sprinkle poppy or sesame seeds on top, then paint on an egg yolk to make the seeds stick and to give the bread a beautiful shine.

Now it's time to let the dough rise until it doubles in bulk again.  Pay more attention this time to ensure you don't ignore the dough too long and let it over-rise --- after a certain point, the gluten can't hold the carbon dioxide any longer and your buns will flatten out.  But don't try to rush this rise either --- you want your dough to be as high as possible so you get fluffy bread.

Preheat your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit, then bake your bread on the top rack until the top and bottom of each bun is very lightly brown, about fifteen minutes.  Don't worry, the living yeast will be killed by heat, so all you're left with is a delightful texture and flavor.

Stay tuned for more on the science and practice of bread-baking at lunchtime for the rest of the week.  Don't want to wait for future installments?  The information is excerpted from Weekend Homesteader: January, which is available for free on Amazon from today until December 23!  I hope you'll give the entire book a try (and leave me a review!)