I'm going to talk about a lot of dead plants in this post, so here's a cute shot of Lamb Chop as preemptive mitigation. Feel free to scroll back up here if you start to get depressed.

I used to think that late spring freezes were the primary bane of fruit-growers in our region, but this past winter taught me otherwise. With a low of -22 Fahrenheit, which is more typical of zone 4 than zone 6, all of our peach trees not only lost their bloom buds midwinter...they also lost most of their branches. Each tree has a couple of dozen leaves finally coming out of winter-bare limbs, and once I'm confident that all living buds have sprouted, I'll prune the trees way back to start their lives nearly over. At last, I'm beginning to understand why so few people in our region try to grow peach trees --- the stone fruits aren't really reliably hardy here in the mountains, despite being supposedly able to handle weather up through zone 5.

Similarly, this is the second or third winter when nearly all of our blackberries have been killed back to the ground, and a few of our black raspberries were similarly affected for the first time this year as well. Once again, blackberries and black raspberries are only hardy to zone 5, while red raspberries and strawberries (both of which came through this winter unscathed) are hardy to zone 3. Climate change seems to be reliably introducing an element of unreliable extremes to our winters, so I think it's safe to say that we're better off focusing on fruits like plums and red raspberries that can handle bouts of extreme cold rather than depending on species that are turning out to be undependable in our region. (Good thing red raspberries and strawberries are Mark's and my favorite berries, respectively.)

I can't be sure, but I feel like even some of our apple bloom buds were affected by the winter's extreme cold, even though the species is supposed to be hardy to zone 3. The tree that gets more winter sun is loaded with flowers, but the high-density planting closer to our north-facing hillside has opened far fewer flowers than the number of bloom buds this winter seemed to suggest.

As a result, I'm putting more thought into protected locations that are likely to mitigate winter's extreme cold when I plan ahead for locating our newly grafted fruit trees. Currently, I'm eying the south-facing side of the gully which, if terraced just above the waterlog-line, would provide a warm and protected environment for quite a few tender fruit trees. Maybe that's where I'll plant our new plums?

In more pleasant news, leaves are starting to appear on the scionwood of many of my newly grafted fruit trees. I'm pretty sure that when these buds burst, that means the cambial layers of the scionwood and rootstock have merged (i.e. the graft has taken). So far, 14 out of 16 apples, 8 out of 10 pears, and 1 out of 5 plums have begun to unfurl leaves on the scionwood. Since the pears and plums were only grafted a little over a week ago, I have high hopes that the success percentages of the latter two species will rise to match the apples in time. So it looks like I'll have plenty of experimental material to replace what we lost last winter --- I'll have to use my new trees wisely!