It turns out that Rhonda is on the right track --- the gutters on our roof would have been installed correctly if the whole trailer didn't tilt toward the west.  It started raining, so we haven't finished the project yet, but I think we're going to first try taking out the screws that attach the gutter to the side of the roof, then will give the gutter more of a tilt, if possible, so we can keep the downspout where it is.  Worst-case scenario, we'll move the downspout to the other end.

Interestingly, in a heavy rain Friday morning, I noticed that the downspout seemed to be working pretty well despite the incorrect tilt.  Sure, a bit of water was drizzling out the other end, but most of the roof runoff appeared to be going down the downspout and into the greywater wetland, which seemed well able to handle the extra water.

On the downside, it turns out that the high groundwater in that spot isn't entirely due to water pouring off the trailer roof right there.  Even with that rain being captured by the downspout, water was pooling right at the surface, meaning I need to keep working if I don't want the grape and kiwi I'll be installing there to drown.  I'm hoping the extra water comes from the other downspout twelve feet uphill which spits out water falling on the front porch, but I haven't quite decided if there's a solution short of channeling that water into the greywater wetland too.  I'd like to have a rain barrel at the corner of the porch to make watering seedlings easier in the summer, but we get so much rain that the barrel would do no good in the winter.

Finally, just for fun, I piled up lots of rocks around the kiwi and grape mounds.  Hopefully these will act as thermal mass and they'll definitely make the plants more visible so they won't accidentally get weedeaten.  And we're also thinking of taking Brian's advice and making the trellis out of wire since he makes an excellent point about the shade potential of lumber.  I can't wait to see this area in full greenery in summer 2014!

When we first got chickens Lucy was a lot younger and very excited about these new feathered friends we were introducing to the farm.

It took about 10 minutes to train Lucy to leave all the chickens alone.

We put her on a leash, walked her over to a chicken in a tractor and made her sit with her back facing the tractor. She was excited and kept looking over at the chicken, but each time I would bring her attention back to me while at the same time saying with as much authority as I could muster "Our chickens!.." This went on for about 10 minutes before she seemed to figure it out and stopped being curious about the chickens.

I think walking her everyday also helps to anchor the training, but the lesson was taken directly out of Cesar Millan's book called "Cesar's Way", which might be the best dog training book available at this time.

Ever since I read the apple chapter in The Botany of Desire, I've wanted to plant some apple seeds and see if my toss of the dice turns up a new variety worth keeping.  What held me back then was that I didn't have any land to plant on.  And after we got our farm, I figured I'd have to set aside an absurd amount of space for the experiment since each tree would be a standard apple, meaning they'd need to be planted at least 30 feet apart.

But then I started playing with high-density methods, and learned that judicious pruning and training can make even large trees small.  So I started pondering --- could I plant seeds three feet apart as if I were making a high-density apple planting, then use that test orchard to try out seedling genetics?  Presumably, it might still be five or more years before I'd get a taste of these experimental trees, but that still gives me time for many apple generations in my lifetime.  And if any of the seedling apples are worth experimenting with further, I can either transplant the tree or graft its scionwood onto a smaller rootstock.  Worst case scenario, I get a lot of firewood out of the deal.

The pros tend to plant somewhere between 10,000 and 50,000 seeds to get one variety worth keeping, and I'd definitely plant many, many fewer.  But it's more fun that going to Vegas --- my kind of gambling.  Want to play?

I'm looking for some interesting seeds to start my planting, and I promise to name the new variety after you if you're the source of the seeds.  Drop me an email if you're interested with the name of the mother variety and the possible fathers (other apple trees close to your tree).  I'm  less interested in store-bought apples because the father in that case is often a crabapple, included in the planting to fertilize the named varieties, and I'm most interested in off-spring of these disease-resistant apple varieties.

Or you can play along at home!  Here's what I plan to do --- put each batch of cleaned apple seeds in a labeled ziplock bag surrounded by a damp rag (or paper towel if you roll that way).  Apple seeds need at least a month of cold stratification, so the bag will go in the fridge, and I'll start checking on it weekly after the month is up.  Once I start to see sprouts, I'll transfer the seeds to a pot, and then, eventually, to a nursery row.  Alternatively, you can get the same stratification effect by planting your seeds directly in the ground right now, allowing them to go through a normal winter.  Either way, expect only about 30% germination, so plant lots of seeds.

As a final side note, if you've got the space for standard trees, you might plant seeds for another reason --- to serve as rootstocks to be grafted onto.  Many people will plant a dozen or more seeds where they want the eventual tree to grow, then will weed out all but the most vigorous specimen a year later.  After grafting, these experimenters get a tree with no transplant shock.  Although I've never heard anyone else say this, it seems to me you could also get at least a little bit of dwarfing action from seedling rootstocks if you choose seeds from less vigorous varieties (like crabapples, self-pollinated Cox's Orange Pippin, Lady, and spur-type Winter Banana and York), or if you choose the least vigorous seedling when it comes time to weed out your planting.  I'd be very curious to hear from anyone who's used seedlings as rootstocks --- how did your trees turn out?

(As a final note, these photos aren't mine --- as usual, click to see the source.)

Our White Leghorn hen who likes to eat crayfish had a close call this week.

A hawk tried to swoop down and take her away, but once Lucy heard the noise our rooster was making from the other side of the fence she ran to the scene with enough aggressive barking to scare the predator away.

The spot where the old farmhouse used to sit has been earmarked for years as the future site of an experimental nursery, but this was the first year we planted into the area.  Mark started reclaiming the spot about a year ago, a process that involved of lots of weedeating to kill off blackberries and honeysuckle, plus digging out huge poke stumps.  Last fall, I kill-mulched one bed on the side closest to the trailer, using double my usual thickness of cardboard (two layers instead of one), and that bed still came up in blackberries and was a problem over the summer.  So I decided to lower my standards and dig out all the roots in that and another new bed instead of kill mulching for next year.

And I'm glad I did!  After a week of Thanksgiving eating and writing, shoveling really hit the spot.  I've decided the biggest problem with no-till gardening is that you don't get to dig often, and I love to dig, so projects like this make my day.

But it was also good to dig that area for more serious reasons.  There were lots of big roots, including one blackberry root mass about the size of a four-year-old fruit tree, so I suspect it would have taken at least two more years of mowing before a kill mulch in that area would take.  Plus, the Appalachian foundation of piled up rocks means Kayla and I disinterred more stones during our digging project than Mark and I have found during the entire rest of our time on the farm.  The timing was perfect since I want rocks to use around my new grape and didn't have any on hand.

And then there's the pure pleasure of finding ancient possessions in the soil around an old home site.  Sure, most of what we found was broken window glass and rusty nails, but Kayla went home with two nice marbles and a little ceramic container that looked like it might have held makeup or ointment.  And I found a rusty coin from 1951, probably not worth much, but fascinating for the notion that it was being held in someone's hand sixty years ago.  I think the second picture from the top might be an old whetstone too?

If I get industrious again, we've got about three more beds we could dig out in the old house area, but since I've got other digging projects on the front burner, I might let Mark mow those areas for another year first.  Either way, it's exciting to have two long beds to fill with experimental perennials --- more on that in a later post.

We installed a downspout, but realized afterward that it's on the wrong side.

I left you hanging in yesterday's post about our skirting decision, and while your thoughtful comments were pouring in, I went outside to start experimenting.  Mark had bought me a four-foot-by-eight-foot-by-two-inch sheet of rigid-foam insulation, unfaced because we wanted to buy from our local hardware store (even though the options there are rather limited) rather than driving an hour to Lowes.  It turned out to be simple to cut the insulation sheet to size with our hand saw (much easier than using the utility knife I tried first).  Digging out a little bit of dirt where the insulation was going to go made it relatively easy to slide the cut pieces into place.

From my perusal of the internet before beginning, I'd thought I'd need to make a bottom rail for the insulation to attach to and to use button nails to attach the top of the insulation to the underside of the trailer.  But once I got the insulation wedged into place, it became clear it wasn't going anywhere, so I skipped that step.  I did use a bit of scrap wood to push one piece back so it lined up with the other, though.

The corrugated pipe we're using to send water from our (as-yet-hypothetical) downspout to our greywater wetland goes under the trailer, and I'd originally planned to cut a hole in the insulation to let the pipe through.  But as I worked, I figured it would be simpler to dig down a bit and send the pipe underneath (as you can see in the photo below).  As I type this, though, I'm wondering if that's a good idea, since the pipe will go down and then slightly up, meaning a bit of water will pool in the lowest point and will probably freeze in the winter.  I guess we'll wait and see if that's an issue, or maybe I'll fix the problem before Mark installs the downspout.

You'll notice there are a few small cracks between the sheets of foam in the photo above.  I went back and forth on these, at first thinking I'd seal them with reflective tape, but then realizing that the flashing I planned on putting on the outside would do the same job.  When I finally crawl underneath to deal with the problematic insulation under the floor (one of these days...), I may use some spray-foam insulation to fill in these gaps.

Rigid-foam insulation isn't supposed to deal well with either UV damage or water, so it needs some kind of outer layer.  We could have bought skirting made for trailers, but flashing is so easy to work with (and is always on hand), so I decided to give that a try instead.  After I took this photo, I backfilled some earth around the base (and will add even more dirt later to increase the height of the planting bed), so the gap at the bottom shown in the photo above is already long gone.

This small part of the skirting project was so fun and easy, it made me wonder why we've been putting off skirting for so long.  Then I remembered that I want to replace the disintegrating insulation under the trailer floor before we make it even harder to work under there by closing the space in.  We may need to bite the bullet and do that before summer, though, since the back of the insulation sheets I installed this week are currently exposed under the trailer, and free-range chicks adore pecking at styrofoam....

You would have thought Anna was playing Agricola from the big smile on her face when she got to try out our neighbor's corn sheller.

She explained that she grew up shelling corn by grabbing a cob with two hands and twisting in opposite directions.

The sheller made short work of this weevily corn, which will give our chickens supplemental carbs this winter.

I mentioned in yesterday's post that The Complete Book of Edible Landscaping got me thinking in more depth about what we want to do in front of our bank of south-facing windows.  These windows do a remarkable job of heating the trailer on sunny winter days, but, unfortunately, they do nearly as good of a job of heating the trailer on sunny summer days.  In a perfect world, we'd plant a big shade tree here, but that would block out light to my vegetable garden, so I'm instead using vines on an arbor to reflect the summer heat while letting in winter sun.

This spring, I tried out version 1.0 using a simple pea trellis and scarlet runner beans (shown to the right).  I'm glad of the experiment because it proved to me that this area is way too waterlogged to plant directly into the ground.  In preparation for version 2.0, Kayla and I dumped weeds in front of the trailer all summer, and by November, I had some great topsoil to shovel up into two mounds, one on each side of the row of windows.

This picture shows what I imagine the area will look like in five years if everything goes according to plan.  I've already put in the Issai kiwi (this summer) and the Reliance grape (last month), and the Anna kiwi will be arriving this spring.  The last two were planted in those mounds I mentioned, and Mark pointed out that we have some good soil that needs to be excavated near the goat path, which will allow me to fill in between the two mounds for later root development.  I also plan to finally install the downspout to channel that area's roof water into the greywater wetland, and Mark's going to upgrade the trellis he started to make it strong enough to handle two heavy vines, while also making a lattice on the edge of the porch for the Issai kiwi.  (I think we'll also make the trellis a little higher since the photos above illustrate how the current height will still shade the windows quite a bit in the winter.)

The part I haven't decided yet doesn't actually have anything to do with the plant life, although it does relate to trailer temperature modification.  Eventually, we want to skirt the whole trailer, but that's a long-term project that hasn't made it onto the to-do list yet.  In the meantime, I figured we'd better skirt this one little area now before I start mounding up earth and planting long-lived perennials.  I found several interesting websites while researching the skirting topic and discovered that there are at least two schools of thought on how to moderate the floor temperature of a trailer:

• Use plain skirting around the outsides, then lay down a vapor barrier on the ground under the trailer with polystyrene foam over top.  This is recommended by the extension service in Alaska.  Related alternatives involve blowing foam insulation into the belly (area between the frame and ground inside the skirting) or making a false floor below the frame to hold insulation right up against the underside of your floor.
  
• Make your own insulated skirting around the perimeter of the trailer using polystyrene foam attached to treated two-by-fours on the ground and to the bottom of the trailer.  This option is usually then covered by traditional skirting or paneling of some kind on the outside.  No one talks about this, but it seems like you might get better results if you buried the bottom of the insulated skirting a foot or so into the soil?

In Trailersteading (free today!), one of our readers skirted his home with the insulated centers cut out of doors before installing windows (shown to the right).  That sounds like the optimal skirting material, but I'm afraid we don't have a source here.  Any other ideas or feelings on which of the two skirting options above makes the most sense?

Finally, I'm considering the utility of stones or cinderblocks used as thermal mass in this area.  Hardy kiwis are damaged by late-spring frosts in our area and grapes tend to succumb to fungal diseases during our wet summers, so I figure both plants would enjoy some extra heat gained by covering the ground with stones between their feet.  Rosalind Creasy agreed, noting that a patio in front of the south-facing wall of our house can even help heat the home by radiating heat during winter nights (assuming you can shade the stones enough in the summer so they don't bake you then).  Which brings me to question number two --- would I be better off using cinder blocks instead of traditional skirting in this one zone of the trailer to provide yet more thermal mass?

Anyone who made it through this long post --- you deserve a gold star!  Here's your bonus --- did you know that evergreen shrubs and vines up against the north side of a house can act as exterior insulation, producing a pocket of air that makes your house stay warmer?  And did you know that I'll be able to guess how much our trellis will shade the windows in the summer by going out at midnight under a winter full moon --- the moon shadows will mimic sun shadows six months later.  Tips courtesy of Rosalind Creasy.

Will a chicken eat a crawdad?

That depends...I've seen some chickens run away after being pinched, but today I gave one to our White Leghorn and she went crazy for it.

We might think about breeding them for chicken food in the future or figure out a way to trap them from our wild population.