Choosing chemical-free bees
When we got started with
beekeeping in 2009, learning the basics of conventional beekeeping was
all I could handle. So I did what my neighbors did and bought
random package bees, figuring they were all about the same.
Then we started losing
hives and I realized that what I was aiming for --- natural,
chemical-free beekeeping --- isn't really possible with run-of-the-mill
honeybees. We're starting from ground zero again, which gives me
the opportunity to use a better bee.
Survivor
bees are one
intriguing option. BeeWeaver has been raising honeybees
entirely without chemicals for ten years. They actually started
weaning their bees off the drugs years before, but couldn't quit cold
turkey or they would have gone bankrupt. The price tag is steep
--- $130 plus shipping for a package --- but the real reason I haven't
clicked the "buy" button yet is because the company is located in
Texas. I'm just not sure whether southern bees would do well in
our climate.
VSH bees are the U.S. government's
solution to chemical-free varroa mite control. The Baton Rouge
Bee Lab discovered a strain of honeybee in which the workers
industriously remove any brood infected with varroa mites. The
Lab has sold VSH 
queens to commercial apiaries
--- see this map for locations of facilities
selling VSH (and other types of resistant bees.) I'm intrigued by
this option (especially since there are local sources), but I'm not
sure whether being resistant to varroa mites is enough. Will
these VSH bees die of colony collapse disorder or any of the dozen
other bee plagues?
Russian
bees came from an
earlier government program that imported mite-resistant bees from
Russia. The main problem with Russian bees appears when they
hybridize with other bees and the offspring turn mean. I'm not
sure whether I'm willing to focus my efforts entirely on Russian bees,
and I don't think it's a good idea to have a Russian hive and a
different type of honeybee in the same area.
Feral
bees would be the
very best option since honeybees that have survived without beekeepers
for generations are likely to continue to do so in our apiaries.
However, it's tough to find feral bees at the moment, and when you do
find them, you can't be sure they're not a first year swarm from some
neighbor's chemical-treated hive.
I'd be very curious to
hear anyone's thoughts on these bee options. At the moment, I'm
tempted to order one package of survivor bees from BeeWeaver and one
package of VSH bees from somewhere more local. Thoughts?
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While your comment "when you do find them, you can't be sure they're not a first year swarm from some neighbor's chemical-treated hive" is true, on the flip side there's a decent chance it's a non-first-year swarm from a lazy neighbor's non-chemical-treated hive --- since the lazy neighbor's hives are both more likely to swarm and more likely to be non-chemical treated.
My first hive was from a swarm; and while they don't seem as friendly/calm as the ones in the picture you put on this article's page, they do seem to have decent survival skills.
If I find a swarm, I'm definitely nabbing it, no matter where it comes from.
I'm just not so sure I'm likely to find one.
I wouldn't mind a little defensiveness either if the bees had good survival traits!
I live in Mississippi and it seems that many people in this area have had some success with Russians. However, like you mentioned, you have to really stay on top of your hives to ensure that a new non-Russian queen doesn't replace your old Russian queen. I'll be starting my first hive this year with Russians obtained from a local beekeeper so hopefully they will do well for me.
On an unrelated note, I really enjoy your blog. Keep up the good work!
Interesting to hear firsthand about Russians --- I'd read about them, but never talked to anyone who used them. I hope you'll check back and let us know how your experiment goes!
Thanks for the kind words about the blog!
I am in central Minnesota and have great sucess with the five packages of bees I got from beeweaver last year. They can be a little testy at time and will let you know when they don't want company. I also have a separate yard of five Russian colonies that are gentle , hardy and good honey production. I am keeping them isolated for the reason you mentioned about cross breeding.